API Integration Specialist

---
name: API Integration Specialist
description: Expert in integrating third-party APIs with proper authentication, error handling, rate limiting, and retry logic. Use when integrating REST APIs, GraphQL endpoints, webhooks, or external services. Specializes in OAuth flows, API key management, request/response transformation, and building robust API clients.
license: MIT
---

# API Integration Specialist

Expert guidance for integrating external APIs into applications with production-ready patterns, security best practices, and comprehensive error handling.

## When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when:
- Integrating third-party APIs (Stripe, Twilio, SendGrid, etc.)
- Building API client libraries or wrappers
- Implementing OAuth 2.0, API keys, or JWT authentication
- Setting up webhooks and event-driven integrations
- Handling rate limits, retries, and circuit breakers
- Transforming API responses for application use
- Debugging API integration issues

## Core Integration Principles

### 1. Authentication & Security

**API Key Management:**
```javascript
// Store keys in environment variables, never in code
const apiClient = new APIClient({
  apiKey: process.env.SERVICE_API_KEY,
  baseURL: process.env.SERVICE_BASE_URL
});
```

**OAuth 2.0 Flow:**
```javascript
// Authorization Code Flow
const oauth = new OAuth2Client({
  clientId: process.env.CLIENT_ID,
  clientSecret: process.env.CLIENT_SECRET,
  redirectUri: process.env.REDIRECT_URI,
  scopes: ['read:users', 'write:data']
});

// Get authorization URL
const authUrl = oauth.getAuthorizationUrl();

// Exchange code for tokens
const tokens = await oauth.exchangeCode(code);
```

### 2. Request/Response Handling

**Standardized Request Structure:**
```javascript
async function makeRequest(endpoint, options = {}) {
  const defaultHeaders = {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    'Authorization': `Bearer ${apiKey}`,
    'User-Agent': 'MyApp/1.0.0'
  };

  const response = await fetch(`${baseURL}${endpoint}`, {
    ...options,
    headers: { ...defaultHeaders, ...options.headers }
  });

  if (!response.ok) {
    throw new APIError(response.status, await response.json());
  }

  return response.json();
}
```

**Response Transformation:**
```javascript
class APIClient {
  async getUser(userId) {
    const raw = await this.request(`/users/${userId}`);

    // Transform external API format to internal model
    return {
      id: raw.user_id,
      email: raw.email_address,
      name: `${raw.first_name} ${raw.last_name}`,
      createdAt: new Date(raw.created_timestamp)
    };
  }
}
```

### 3. Error Handling

**Structured Error Types:**
```javascript
class APIError extends Error {
  constructor(status, body) {
    super(`API Error: ${status}`);
    this.status = status;
    this.body = body;
    this.isAPIError = true;
  }

  isRateLimited() {
    return this.status === 429;
  }

  isUnauthorized() {
    return this.status === 401;
  }

  isServerError() {
    return this.status >= 500;
  }
}
```

**Retry Logic with Exponential Backoff:**
```javascript
async function retryWithBackoff(fn, maxRetries = 3) {
  for (let i = 0; i < maxRetries; i++) {
    try {
      return await fn();
    } catch (error) {
      if (!error.isAPIError || !error.isServerError()) {
        throw error; // Don't retry client errors
      }

      if (i === maxRetries - 1) throw error;

      const delay = Math.pow(2, i) * 1000; // 1s, 2s, 4s
      await sleep(delay);
    }
  }
}
```

### 4. Rate Limiting

**Client-Side Rate Limiter:**
```javascript
class RateLimiter {
  constructor(maxRequests, windowMs) {
    this.maxRequests = maxRequests;
    this.windowMs = windowMs;
    this.requests = [];
  }

  async acquire() {
    const now = Date.now();
    this.requests = this.requests.filter(t => now - t < this.windowMs);

    if (this.requests.length >= this.maxRequests) {
      const oldestRequest = this.requests[0];
      const waitTime = this.windowMs - (now - oldestRequest);
      await sleep(waitTime);
      return this.acquire();
    }

    this.requests.push(now);
  }
}

const limiter = new RateLimiter(100, 60000); // 100 requests per minute

async function rateLimitedRequest(endpoint, options) {
  await limiter.acquire();
  return makeRequest(endpoint, options);
}
```

### 5. Webhook Handling

**Webhook Verification:**
```javascript
function verifyWebhookSignature(payload, signature, secret) {
  const expectedSignature = crypto
    .createHmac('sha256', secret)
    .update(payload)
    .digest('hex');

  return crypto.timingSafeEqual(
    Buffer.from(signature),
    Buffer.from(expectedSignature)
  );
}

app.post('/webhooks/stripe', express.raw({ type: 'application/json' }), (req, res) => {
  const signature = req.headers['stripe-signature'];

  if (!verifyWebhookSignature(req.body, signature, process.env.STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET)) {
    return res.status(401).send('Invalid signature');
  }

  const event = JSON.parse(req.body);
  handleWebhookEvent(event);

  res.status(200).send('Received');
});
```

## Integration Patterns

### REST API Client Pattern

```javascript
class ServiceAPIClient {
  constructor(config) {
    this.apiKey = config.apiKey;
    this.baseURL = config.baseURL;
    this.timeout = config.timeout || 30000;
  }

  async request(method, endpoint, data = null) {
    const options = {
      method,
      headers: {
        'Authorization': `Bearer ${this.apiKey}`,
        'Content-Type': 'application/json'
      },
      timeout: this.timeout
    };

    if (data) {
      options.body = JSON.stringify(data);
    }

    const response = await retryWithBackoff(() =>
      fetch(`${this.baseURL}${endpoint}`, options)
    );

    return response.json();
  }

  // Resource methods
  async getResource(id) {
    return this.request('GET', `/resources/${id}`);
  }

  async createResource(data) {
    return this.request('POST', '/resources', data);
  }

  async updateResource(id, data) {
    return this.request('PUT', `/resources/${id}`, data);
  }

  async deleteResource(id) {
    return this.request('DELETE', `/resources/${id}`);
  }
}
```

### Pagination Handling

```javascript
async function* fetchAllPages(endpoint, pageSize = 100) {
  let cursor = null;

  do {
    const params = new URLSearchParams({
      limit: pageSize,
      ...(cursor && { cursor })
    });

    const response = await apiClient.request('GET', `${endpoint}?${params}`);

    yield response.data;

    cursor = response.pagination?.next_cursor;
  } while (cursor);
}

// Usage
for await (const page of fetchAllPages('/users')) {
  processUsers(page);
}
```

## Best Practices

### Security
- Store API keys in environment variables or secrets management
- Use HTTPS for all API calls
- Verify webhook signatures
- Implement request signing for sensitive operations
- Rotate API keys regularly

### Reliability
- Implement exponential backoff retry logic
- Handle rate limits gracefully
- Set appropriate timeouts
- Use circuit breakers for failing services
- Log all API interactions for debugging

### Performance
- Cache responses when appropriate
- Batch requests when the API supports it
- Use streaming for large responses
- Implement connection pooling
- Monitor API usage and costs

### Monitoring
- Track API response times
- Alert on error rate increases
- Monitor rate limit consumption
- Log failed requests with context
- Set up health checks for critical integrations

## Common Integration Examples

### Stripe Payment Processing
```javascript
const stripe = require('stripe')(process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY);

async function createPaymentIntent(amount, currency = 'usd') {
  return await stripe.paymentIntents.create({
    amount,
    currency,
    automatic_payment_methods: { enabled: true }
  });
}
```

### SendGrid Email Sending
```javascript
const sgMail = require('@sendgrid/mail');
sgMail.setApiKey(process.env.SENDGRID_API_KEY);

async function sendEmail(to, subject, html) {
  await sgMail.send({
    to,
    from: process.env.FROM_EMAIL,
    subject,
    html
  });
}
```

### Twilio SMS
```javascript
const twilio = require('twilio')(
  process.env.TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID,
  process.env.TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN
);

async function sendSMS(to, body) {
  await twilio.messages.create({
    to,
    from: process.env.TWILIO_PHONE_NUMBER,
    body
  });
}
```

## Troubleshooting

### Authentication Issues
- Verify API keys are correctly set
- Check token expiration
- Ensure proper OAuth scopes
- Validate signature generation

### Rate Limiting
- Implement client-side rate limiting
- Use batch endpoints when available
- Spread requests over time
- Consider upgrading API tier

### Timeout Errors
- Increase timeout values for slow endpoints
- Implement request cancellation
- Use streaming for large payloads
- Check network connectivity

When integrating APIs, prioritize security, reliability, and maintainability. Always test error scenarios and edge cases before production deployment.